The Ottomans considered June 24, 1839, a black day in the history of the Turkish army, which suffered a humiliating defeat at the hands of the armies of Muhammad Ali Pasha, the ruler of Egypt, in addition to capturing more than 10 thousand Turkish soldiers, which opened the gates of Anatolia to the Egyptians, and they were even steps away from deposing the Sultan. , and the final elimination of the Ottoman Empire, had it not been for the intervention of European powers.
In the details, while the Ottoman state suffered a state of weakness and decay, Egypt, the Ottoman state at that time, witnessed a period of prosperity in education and agriculture, and the development of the Egyptian army thanks to European expertise, which prompted Muhammad Ali and its ruler to establish a strong state independent of the Turks, which sparked wars between the Egyptians and the Turks. Before forcing Egypt to accept the Kutahya Agreement of 1933, however, the agreement was not satisfactory, and the battles were renewed, as the Egyptian and Turkish armies met on June 24, 1839 at the Nizib area, in the current Gaziantep Governorate, and despite the two armies being equal, the Egyptians were distinguished by their experience in fighting. Under the leadership of Ibrahim Pasha (son of Muhammad Ali), they were able to achieve victory and their artillery demolished the positions of the Turks before attacking them and expelling them and capturing about 10 thousand soldiers, before they tried to cross the Euphrates River, but thousands drowned to join the 7 thousand who were killed during the battles, which opened the doors of Astana in front of the Egyptians, and they were able to march towards the Sultan’s palace and overthrow him, but the European powers, led by Britain, feared the emergence of a new regional power that would hinder their interests, so they formed an alliance and gathered their fleets in preparation for war, and forced Muhammad Ali to accept an end to the conflict and sign the London Convention of 1840, which came Its articles disappointed the hopes of the Egyptians and breathed life into the Ottoman Empire, which was about to come to an end.
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